India today refers to Republic of India, a country born in 1947. It is a successor state of British India through and through. But to hide this truth, the it has completely manipulated history by claiming that India always existed from time immemorial. A completely new mythology is written about history of Indian state which shows India has always been centre of the world and on top of everything. This borders on downright irrationally and create completely alternate reality based on mythical fiction. To debunk those let’s focus on the actual history and find put how the entity of India came into existence.

India/Indica is a Greco-Roman term referring to the lands beside Indus River. Persians referred to the people residing on the indus region as Hindu. This nomenclature also has derogatory connotation as it meant thieves, bandits, dacoits, slaves, dark skinned ugly people, lowly beings etc. Achamenids, Sassanids, Parthians, Seleucids, Indo-Greek, Sakas all ruled over Indus region and named the people of those region Indians, Hindus, Hindis etc. Later this etymology also extended to the people residing in Gangetic Plains. Umayyad empire conquered punjab, sindh and advance upto Gujarat, MP in the east. This trend continued with the Abbasids. Arabs referred to Indus valley region as Al-Sindh and Gangetic Belt Region as Al-Hind. From 1206 onwards the Delhi Sultanate was established centred around the junction region of Indus and Gangetic plains. From then Sindh and Hind  merged under one polity and named as Hindustan. Delhi Sultanate was a Persianized state, so Persian became the main language. Plus a new language developed in military barracks combining Persian, Turkic and Indiclanguages, thus born the Hindustani lingo. Rulers of Delhi referred to themselves as Sultans of Hindustan and whichever territory they aqquired became part of this Hindustani Sphere. In 1526, Timurids uprooted Delhi Sultanate and formed their own empire in the Hindustan region. Babur and Humayun both kept their Central Asian roots and connection to their original homeland Transoxiana intact. They spoke Chagatai as native tongue while used Persian as official language. But they largely kept the setup of Delhi Sultanate intact. After facing extinction at the hands of Afghan Suri Empire and then Restoring the empire in the period of 1540-1556, Akbar was enthroned as new emperor. From then the fate of this entity was to be changed forever and history will take a new turn.

Akbar, unlike his predecessors, was born and raised in South Asia. In a process, he lost his connection to Transoxiana and cut off fall roots to Timurid past. Timurids lost their mother tongue Chagatai and solely spoke Persian from this time. The empire initially became more Persianized as he tried to set Persian ethical standards as the norm. But, in order to consolidate his empire he sought to establish alliances with rajputs and other feudal caste. He also established matrimonial alliances with them, making the dystany gradually more desi. Along with rajputana, hindustan region also became top dog via his policies while Afghans were ousted from power in subcontinent. But it also created ascension of a new class who will play pivotal role in future. The Baniya Classes from Gujarat, Rajasthan, Sindh, Punjab rose from period and with gradual mughal expansion they consolidated and monopolized the economy of subcontinent. Mughals gradually conquered Sultanates of Bengal, Gujarat ,Kasmiretcand also conquered small hindukingdons on their way. At their peak, mughals also successfully subdued Afghanistan and parts of Central Asia. Their southward expansion annihilated Deccan Sultanates and eastward expansion reached uptoArakan.

As mughal emperors referred to themselves as Shahanshah of Hindustan, the entire territory of them is gradually came to be known as Hindustan. The ruling classes of mughal empire grew at the expense of their defeated enemy. Mughal empire aquired the riches of bengal to the jewels of deccan making them sit on a wealthy empire whom everyone looked at with envy.

Gradually europeans started to arrive in droves for trading purposes.

After death of Aurungzeb, the central authority of the emperor gradually declined and governors, feudal rulers became powerful. This situation was utilized by european powers. Some monarchs pledged their alligience to british while others to french, dutch etc. British gradually overpowered all other european powers. Only Portugal retained their possesions of Goa, Daman, Diu while French retained some estates like Chandannagar, Karikal, Mahe, Pondicherry.

British gradually conquered many kingdoms while many accepted British EIC as their overlord.

Here, the baniya classes which rose to power during mughal empire aided the british. The feudal castes like rajputs, maratha, jatts, gorkhasetc became british allies and termed as martial races which meant they gained exclusive privilage in the britishindian military. A new form of Hindustani language which was Sanskritizedand started to be written in Devnagari alphabet was born. This lingo was named as Hindi. While the form of hindustani which retained it Perso-Arabic form named as Urdu.

This newly formed Hindi language was one of the tools to consolidate the Indian State.

The baniya classes wanted entire britishindian territory as their monopoly market and allied with feudal castes for this jpint effort. From Gandhi onwards, the indian movements based around this purpose.

The very classes which mughals nurturedaccepted the British empire as Shahanshah.

But many ethnicities opposed this consolidation. Muslims of British India also opposed to this proposal and at the end got a new state named Pakistan while rest of British India became Republic of India was born.

British India consisted of two territeries: one is territories directly administered by British Empire while the second ones are 565 princely states who accepted britishsuzerinity. Burma and Oman, once part of British Indian territory, became separate entities.

After british left they either became part of India or Pakistan while one remain disputed today. Portueguese and French territories were annexed into India either by treaty or military force like Goa in 1961.

The newly formed Republic of India had so many nationalities that to manage this the Indian State sometimes had to bow down to the demands of lingustic state and caste, tribe based reservation while other times ruthlessly suppressing any nationalism by any ethnolingustic entities.

India run on monopilizedbaniya economy supported by a state which runs on babudom. Details will be elaborated in other pieces.

During Cold War, India was heavily supported and nurtured by Soviet Union. After USSSR fell, India was on verge of collapse in 1991. Only with the aid of IMF and partially opening up some sectors of economy, it survived. Plus being projected as a anti-China arrangement, western world also lend its support. This is how this state has survived. But now, all the factors that once helped it are now nullified.

In conclusion, India is not a historic entity neither a distinct nation, neither a civilizational continuty. Rather, it is a creation of Timurid and British Empire. Understanding this will make us understanding India better.

Author: Purandhar Khilji